The immune system protects the body from invaders, like bacteria or viruses, and harmful cells like cancer.
T cells and B cells are immune defenders. They detect and destroy these threats, while sparing healthy cells.
An overactive immune system is a key contributor to autoimmune diseases. Instead of attacking invaders, some B cells target healthy cells. Left alone, overactive B cells are free to continue their attack on the body's healthy tissues. If they are not stopped, the damage to the body can get worse over time.
An innovative treatment, CAR T cell therapy is now being studied in autoimmune diseases.
CAR T cell therapy—a type of immunotherapy—is a personalized medicine. It is made by collecting the patient’s
T cells, adding CARs to them, and then returning them to the patient’s body in a one-time infusion.
Inside the body, CARs act as sensors programmed to detect B cells—and only B cells. CARs give CAR T cells the power to search throughout the body to find B cells. CAR T cells find and destroy B cells, which may include overactive and healthy cells. By targeting B cells, CAR T cell therapy removes a key contributor to autoimmune diseases.
When CAR T cell therapy removes B cells, the body replaces them. The theory is that these healthy new B cells may “reset” the immune system and give it the potential for a fresh start, like a phoenix rising from the ashes.